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Two logboats brought ashore
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Two logboats brought ashore

For the new extension to the Pile Dwelling Museum on Lake Constance, the choice of building material couldn’t be more appropriate. The design by a+r Architekten uses modern timber construction and is based on an archetype of Stone Age transportation.

Long before the wheel was invented, the logboat was the most popular way to get from A to B. Archaeological finds have revealed that even people in the Mesolithic era – roughly 8000 to 4200 BC – had mastered the art of hollowing out a tree trunk to use on water and transport cargo. Partially equipped with seats, these boats were also moored at the prehistoric pile dwellings on Lake Constance. The remains of these sites are well preserved at the bottom of the lake, and in 2011 they were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Unteruhldingen Pile Dwelling Museum, Lake Constance
Finds at the Unteruhldingen pile dwellings show that logboats were the preferred form of transportation for Stone and Bronze Age settlements on water.

When the Pile Dwelling Museum in Unteruhldingen was modernized recently, logboats provided inspiration for the shape of the new buildings.

A Stone Age image

“Two logboats are brought ashore and upturned to protect the equipment from the weather.” – This is the image communicated by the design for the museum’s extension by a+r Architekten. It envisages two longhouses with wood-clad gabled roofs beside the lake, symbolizing oversized dugout canoes. The first of these two buildings opened its doors in June 2024. And to complete the image: the equipment in the boats is the large collection of original artefacts now housed at the Pile Dwelling Museum (Pfahlbaumuseum), which bears the proud title of “Europe’s oldest archaeological open-air museum”.

To visually match the pile dwellings, the new buildings are clad in pre-weathered square timber made from durable larch.

a+r Architekten

The museum opened in 1922, when the Pile Dwelling and Local History Association joined forces with the University of Tübingen to erect the first reconstructed stilt houses. Today, visitors can walk across the water to explore three Stone and Bronze Age villages with houses, stables, workshops and a village hall.

Unteruhldingen Pile Dwelling Museum, Lake Constance, a+r Architekten, timber construction
The competition rendering shows two longhouses and a connecting wing.

A virtual dive down to view the sunken remains of these settlements is on offer in the previous museum building, while the new longhouse is furnished with numerous items that have been brought up from the bottom of Lake Constance. In this way, about 10,000 years of human history unfolds before your eyes.

10,000 years of timber construction

Besides their common subject matter, these pile dwellings from past times and the new museum extension share the same construction material – timber. While construction in the Stone and Bronze Ages predominantly used whole tree trunks, the new buildings benefit from high-tech materials: cross-laminated timber for the exterior walls, and highly resilient glulam timber for the constructional columns and beams.

Many components of the extension were prefabricated, allowing for a short construction period.

a+r Architekten

Unteruhldingen Pile Dwelling Museum, Lake Constance, a+r Architekten, timber construction
An impressive roof construction dominates the new visitor centre.

The exhibition hall that now welcomes museum visitors draws the eye upwards to settle on the impressive roof construction with its large-span timber-frame design. Floor-to-ceiling glazing at the gable end and regularly spaced skylights supply the exhibition area with generous amounts of daylight. The constructional benefits of a timber design are explained by the architects: “Many components of the extension were prefabricated, allowing for a short construction period.”

From the outside, the new structures with their uniform timber façade are designed to have a coherent presence and establish a creative link with the reconstructed pile dwellings at the open-air museum. The project description reads: “To visually match the pile dwellings, the new buildings are clad in pre-weathered square timber made from durable larch.”

Below and above the water

On the ground floor, which covers more than 1,000 square metres of surface area, visitors can admire the original artefacts such as Stone Age headwear and a Bronze Age wooden bowl complete with ladle.

Unteruhldingen Pile Dwelling Museum, Lake Constance, a+r Architekten, timber construction
The reconstructed pile dwellings and the museum extension display the history of timber construction.
Unteruhldingen Pile Dwelling Museum, Lake Constance, a+r Architekten, timber construction
In the new building, the exhibits include artefacts that are thousands of years old and were discovered in Lake Constance.

Despite being in water for so long, the objects survived as they were conserved by the layer of mud on the bottom of the lake. These finds have been excellently preserved due to their lack of exposure to oxygen.

The logboat that is suspended above the museum entrance marks the invisible dividing line between the two educational areas: while the ground floor is dedicated to exhibits from the depths of the lake, the top floor examines the mysteries of pile dwelling construction – both solved and unsolved.

Model, Unteruhldingen Pile Dwelling Museum, Lake Constance, a+r Architekten, timber construction
The model of the museum extension shows the two longhouses connected via a ground-floor wing with a courtyard.

With around 60 employees, 23 reconstructed pile dwellings and roughly 300,000 visitors per year, Unteruhldingen Pile Dwelling Museum is among Europe’s most important open-air museums. This impressive timber extension has provided a further attraction that confidently leads the history of this 1000-year-old craft into the future.

Text: Gertraud Gerst
Translation: Rosemary Bridger-Lippe
Photos: a+r Architekten, Werner Huthmacher, pile dwellings/M. Schellinger, pile dwellings/F. Müller

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